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Services of Telecommunication
Information Communication Technology or ICT refers on the usage of digital Technology to assist the users in storing, retrieving, manipulating, receiving and transmitting the data through digital technology. This digital technology is accessed via sources For example, personal computers, digital television, email, robots and telecommunication. Hence the communication is, usually over some distance and is often achieved via networks of sending and receiving equipment, wires and satellite links.1 For all evolving technologies in this digital age, telecommunication remains the centerpiece of connection and linkage among people. Transportation and telecommunication are vital to the functioning of individual countries and to the world, as a whole .It has been considered as a necessity these days for the benefits it offers to the users. Society can’t advance further without communication and telecommunication has made it possible for the people to remain intact irrespective of the location and undermining distances. Society comprises of different people. People, having all five senses, are declared as physically fit while there are disabled people who are deprived of any one or more senses. The former being provided with all five senses, can work independently while the latter involving others in one way or another, are fully or partially dependent on the others. The advent of Telecommunication has definitely induced a metamorphic change in their lives .For now, they emerged as an able part of the society, depending less on others. Telecommunication has definitely created a change in their social lives. This change may be of minor importance to physically fit people but the disabled people have fully made the most of it and they realize it too. Technology has improvised their life style and made communication possible for them to exchange information irrespective of their location and physical disability. The importance of telecommunication can’t be denied if one wants to be an active participant in developing the society. It is this communication that creates an amiable environment possible in the society to work, thus enabling many tasks to progress smoothly. Early people realized the importance of communication when they started using smoke for communication in 150 B.C.2 Technology arose from Greek word techne, which means art or craft. Generally it refers to the ways of creating or performing any thing. Science played an important role providing knowledge of application and principles of different theories of technologies which later on lead foundations of different inventions and discoveries.3 The relation of science and technology paved the way for different inventions to come on to the scene. The discovery of electromagnetic by Danish Physicist Hans Christian Oersted in 1820,4 lead the way to the invention of Electric Telegraph in 1837. Primarily, it was used for signaling purposes of railways, however its benefits expanded to public use and it arose as a sole communicating medium in those days. It served the purpose till 1876, when telephone subaltern it. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell 5, who was a speech teacher for deaf persons in Boston. The fundamental idea behind telephone system was to convert a speaker’s sound waves into analogous electric waves and then transmit them to recreate sound waves for the listener. The eradication of telegraph operator and voice-to-voice communication made it the popular source against its predecessor. .6 Soon thereafter telephone systems began a steady progress and local networks converted to regional, regional to national and national to international networks. Thus forming a global network of interconnection.7 As the time progressed, the importance paved the way for Radio Communication across the English Channel in 1897 8.The transoceanic connection of telephone communication came through cables .The year 1960 is another milestone in terms of communication as Television was broadcasted for the first time .In 1962 and 1963 Telstar I, Relay I and Telstar II were placed in the orbit. Since then, commercial satellites have been in constant use for transmission of telephone, Telegraph and television signals.9 Till 1962, the telephone calls were processed by analog means. Thereafter the calls were processed by digital means, which was condign for backup support incase of weak pulses network. As compared to analog processing the digital means is expensive but it ensures the complete transmission of data incase of distortion.10 In 1970, a visual phone called the picture phone was introduced. Many kinds of data circuits are provided to interconnect different types of data processing facilities and telephone networks have been handling a growing volume of computer data.11 Further development in communication made it more popularized among people when wireless sets or cell phones were introduced in the market, which were very much handy in terms of usage and smaller size. Today we stand in a world of mobile cell phones and the number of its users constantly increasing. The mobile users are expected to turn in to millions by 2015.12 Some of the famous brands in mobile handsets are Sony Ericson, Nokia, Samsung, I-mate, LG, and Siemens etc. What has made these cell phones so popular among the masses? It is said that the myriads functionalities that these cell phones are provided with, are collectively a key to this success. Now, it is not treated just as a device to communicate but also can be utilized for different tasks. Special people specially students have made the most of these assorted functionalities .A research conducted by the writer herself, observed practically the usage of these cell phones by such students and how assisting is this cell phone to them was imperative. Interviews with special students regarding queries about the advantages of telecommunication, lead to a positive conclusion. Almost every student replied in affirmative answers about the worthiness of telecommunication and effectiveness in their student as well as practical life. Cell phones are small compatible gadgets easier to carry on and are supplied with different features by the constructing company, depending on the model of the mobile hand set. Some of the distinctive features are text messages, multimedia message, audio messages, instant message services, calendar, e-mail, contacts details, Internet and application downloads, Camera and radio services etc. With these features, amalgamated together, a cell phone is automatically converted in to a handy tool as special students very often use these working features in many aspects. Many students use SMS and Voice mail recording for help in their studies. These features are assisting to them. Disabled students facing uneven shortage due to their disability either by ear or tongue can access these functionalities for their concerns and needs. For example dumb or blind students use the recording feature supplied in many handsets for revising their texts. They take help from another person to narrate the text and record it once and then recall it whenever they need it. Similarly students, deprived of hearing sense, utilize the text SMS feature for memorizing the learning matter. If they type the text and save it as a draft, it is also one way to recall it as mobile handsets are provided with a huge memory. Now many disabled students find it convenient to utilize such functionalities offered by telecommunication. Even simpler calculations can be performed through built-in calculators provided with mobile handsets. Earlier it was considered as a Herculean task for them and a hectic one too. Telecommunication technology has definitely boosted their potential of hardworking as well as concentration. Telecommunication has also provided an advantage of communicating with their friends and fellows, irrespective of the location, more enhanced learning concentration with the usage of multimedia and non-verbal teaching material, Recorded lectures and MP3 Files which are a good source of visual and audio learning and are as useful whenever revised or reviewed no matter how many times. Another assorted feature provided in many cell phones handsets is Blue Tooth or Infra red 13– a short range wireless connectivity technology. Mostly both are used for sharing contents such as contacts or files between cell phones and computers. The Internet services are supported by network and could be activated by calling the respective Telecommunication network Company. It is also utilized for blogging –a phenomenon that appeared to be a combination of three distinct activities, which are sharing, social networking and last but not the least communication. Thus surfing through telecommunication has enhanced social networking of such persons. Technocrate, a company monitoring the blogging activities verifies the usage of blogging through new accounts over 15000 per day. With new ones creating in just every 5.8 seconds per day, there are about 275000 individuals who access this facility every day. 14 Practically, it was observed when many media channels were banned in Pakistan in 2007; and there was only one source to keep oneself informed about national and global news. People turned to telecommunication for such services. In addition to that the revolution brought to our lives, lead to various resources of knowledge, despite of bricks and mortar schools only. It brought us the concept of E-learning. 15 Many telecommunication companies offered different services for household tips, beauty tips and cooking recipes also. Even when there are any sports matches on, they also provide coverage of latest scores. Many telecommunication companies also provide licensed TV broadcast via their network such as Telenor and Mobilink of Pakistan, in their respective packages. Camera and movie recording are added luxuries in different mobile handsets, which are used by people whenever they need to capture. For special people, enhancements with hearing aids are also available. Calendar, alarm clock and make-to-do options can be utilized to convert the busy schedule to an organized one. Another aspect that mobiles handsets are supported with is of entertainment. These are 3D Games that almost every mobile handsets are provided as built in functions. As far as opportunities are concerned, Telecommunication Sector has also created a wide range of opportunities for individuals, able or disable. This is a golden chance for people who want to increase their income or earn a respected living.16 Many Telecommunication Companies such as Ptcl, Mobilink etc. have launched packages, which provide the user to set up a PCO for this purpose. Many unemployed individuals have availed this opportunity and advanced to a new beginning. The flux of job opportunities is also created via franchise of different telecommunication companies. Many individuals are working in call centers of telecommunication companies at different positions. In short, Telecommunication as the time progressed improved more and more with new findings supported by technology, hence providing users with more simpler means of usage offering multiple of functions. It proved to be one source that can be accessed 24 hours. From calendar to Internet, telecommunication provides its users, these tools to improvise their life style in a better way. Conclusion: Telecommunication is the quintessential medium by which human society interact directly and is now largely dependent on it. People in the society, irrespective of how they are, benefit from the marvels that telecommunication concedes to them. Specially disabled people have experienced a positive change in their life. With the induction of telecommunication, their lives have gone through a revolution of its own. Before it was a life that was much dependent on others however the telecommunication have driven them to a world of hope where they discover themselves a completely changed person who is more self-reliant and self-motivated as well as a human being with lot of confidence, courage and self–esteemed. In a nutshell, Progressive technology opens the door of communication leading to vast information.
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